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水土保持論文翻譯(中翻英)
本研究探討頁岩不飽和風化土壤坡之土壤含水量於時間與空間分佈之行為，藉此瞭解降雨期間之時間因子與水文行為關聯性。實驗地點位於高雄市甲仙區一雜林密佈之自然邊坡，採用自動化長時間監測的方式，於不同高程及深度埋設土壤含水量感測儀器，並搭配現地監測之降雨量資料，共挑選九場降雨事件進行量化分析。
研究結果顯示，在一般風化土壤邊坡，不同降雨型態及高程情況下，時間因子與降雨特性之關聯性研究中發現，其降雨型態會影響平均降雨強度及對應累積降雨量之分布。降雨強度愈小，會使各深度之濕鋒到達時間（Ts）與不飽和土壤剪力強度達到最低值時間（Te）愈慢。於不同高程位置可以發現，淺層土壤（深度1公尺以上）含水量增加率變化範圍較大，而影響最大的是土壤顆粒分布，尤其是粗顆粒的含量多寡。初始含水量對於含水量增加率（Rm）的變化行為，乃是受降雨強度分布狀況所影響。降雨型態及降雨強度的分布對於邊坡發生破壞的時間皆有相當的影響性，而不是單純的只採用累積雨量作為警戒發布指標。由一般邊坡與溝狀邊坡之含水量增加率分布變化行為比較顯示，一般邊坡並沒有因為高程而有顯著的差異，而溝狀邊坡有匯集雨水及地下水的特性，導致在不同高程有不同發展。
This study examined the amount of moisture contained in the unsaturated weathered shale soil slopes with emphasis on soil moisture distributed in different time and in different locations and thereby identified the correlation between time factors and hydrological behaviors during the rainfall period. A natural slope covered with miscellaneous woods located in Jiaxian District, Kaohsiung City, was selected as the experiment site, automatic surveillance method was adopted, soil moisture sensors were buried in various spots with different altitudes and different depths in order to measure soil moisture over a long period of time, rainfall data was measured in situ, and nine rainfalls were chosen for quantitative analysis.
After the correlation between the time factors and rainfall characteristics was analyzed, this study concluded that, as far as the typical weathered soil slopes with different rainfall types and different altitudes are concerned, rainfall types influenced the average rainfall intensity as well as the accumulated rainfall. When the rainfall has a low degree of intensity, the arrival time of water front in all depths (Ts) and the arrival time of unsaturated soil’s shearing force at least value (Te) slow down. After various altitudes were analyzed, the research results indicated that the soil moisture content in shallow layer (1 meter or less below the ground) varies more than the soil moisture content in all other layers. Apparently, the distribution of soil particles influences the soil moisture content the most, particularly the coarse-grained soil. Secondly, the moisture content increase rate (Rm) of antecedent soil moisture content changes in accordance with the distribution of rainfall intensity; the distribution of rainfall types and rainfall intensity substantially influence the time of destruction to the slopes. Therefore, the accumulated rainfall alone is not sufficient for the weather authority to issue alert. Thirdly, after typical slopes were compared with trench slopes regarding their distributions of moisture content increase rates, the research results indicated that the typical slopes did not reveal any significant difference associated with the altitudes; trench slopes collected rainwater and underground water. Thus, trench slopes were shaped differently in different latitudes.
